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Updated in [February 21st, 2023]

1. Enzyme immobilization: Learners can gain an understanding of the physical methods of enzyme immobilization, such as physical mode of interaction, ionic bonding, covalent binding, and enzyme entrapment. They can also learn about enzyme cross-linking and its importance in industrial microbiology.

2. Bioreactors: Learners can gain an understanding of the different types of bioreactors used in industrial microbiology, such as packed bed and fluidised bed bioreactors, tower bioreactors, plug flow bioreactors, and air lift bioreactors. They can also learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each type of bioreactor.

3. Batch and continuous culture: Learners can gain an understanding of the differences between batch and continuous culture, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. They can also learn about fed batch fermentation and its importance in industrial microbiology.

4. Growth curve: Learners can gain an understanding of the growth curve and its importance in industrial microbiology. They can also learn about the different phases of the growth curve and how to interpret it.